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Genetic factors can play an important role in treatment response and disease progression in chronic viral hepatitis.
A landmark genome-wide association study (GWAS) has identified polymorphisms in the IL28B gene on chromosome 19 (19q13.13), which are associated with response to therapy involving pegylated interferon-alpha (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV), as well as spontaneous viral clearance in acute hepatitis C. Additionally, the IL28B genotype is correlated with changes in lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. Another GWAS demonstrated that ITPA genetic variants can protect HCV genotype 1 patients from RBV-induced anemia. Furthermore, a particular polymorphism found within patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3(PNPLA3)is related to hepatic steatosis. Patients who suffer from difficult-to-treat Hepatitis C infections have shown up to five times lower chances of achieving viral clearance when being treated by PEG/RBV if they were homozygous for GG compared non-GG patients.
In chronic hepatitis B patients treated with PEG-IFN, several retrospective analyses of IL28B rs12980275 and rs12979860 genotypes have yielded conflicting results. These discrepancies can be explained by the heterogeneity present between study populations. However, certain variants in the HLA-DP locus (such as the HLA-DPA1A allele and HLA-DPB1) offer protection against disease progression caused by chronic hepatitis B infection.
The determination of IL28B polymorphisms may be useful in individualizing treatment options when using PEG/RBV-based therapies for chronic hepatitis C infection. In contrast, the genetic factors identified thus far play only a minor role in chronic hepatitis B infection.
Follow the link of the selected polymorphism to read a brief description of how the selected polymorphism affects Hepatitis and see a list of existing studies.
SNP polymorphisms related to the topic Hepatitis:
| rs3077 | A common HLA-DPA1 variant increases the risk of chronic hepatitis B 1.8-fold. |
| rs187238 | |
| rs738409 | The rs738409 polymorphism in PNPLA3 is associated with the risk of liver damage and the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. It influences the progression of fibrosis and steatosis in chronic hepatitis C. |
| rs1127354 | ITPA gene variant reduces the risk of anaemia due to anti-HCV therapy with rivarin. |
| rs1946518 | Interleukin (IL)-18 polymorphism is associated with chronic hepatitis C and B virus infections. |
| rs2254135 | |
| rs2856718 | HLA-DQB1 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B. |
| rs7224000 | |
| rs7270101 | The ITPA gene variant protects against ribavirin-induced haemolytic anaemia and reduces the need for ribavirin dose reduction in hepatitis C virus treatment. |
| rs7453920 | Association of HLA-DQB1 breakage variant with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B. Direct effect on the risk of hepatitis B virus infection in children. |
| rs7756516 | HLA-DQB2 single nucleotide polymorphism associated with hepatitis B. |
| rs8099917 | The major polymorphism rs8099917 of the IL28B gene predicts treatment outcomes in patients infected with hepatitis C virus. Associated with ineffectiveness of interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy in chronic hepatitis C. However, at the same time, there are known cases of spontaneous cure from hepatitis C by carriers of this defect. |
| rs8103142 | IL28B genetic variability is associated with spontaneous HCV elimination, response to treatment, and blood levels of IL-28B. |
| rs8105790 | |
| rs9276370 | MHC locus and genetic susceptibility to persistent hepatitis B virus infection. |
| rs9277535 | The chronic hepatitis B risk allele is associated with reduced expression of HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 mRNA in normal human liver. Allows prediction of recovery from hepatitis B virus infection. Also affects both hepatitis C virus persistence and hepatitis C virus F protein formation. |
| rs9366816 | Polymorphisms influence the risk of hepatitis B virus infection. |
| rs10789491 | |
| rs11697186 | Polymorphism causing the risk of thrombocytopenia during pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C. |
| rs11725957 | |
| rs12979860 | A variant of the gene encoding interferon-lambda-4 (IFN-lambda-4) predicts virus elimination induced by hepatitis C treatment. It is associated with an approximately twofold change in response to treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha (PEG-IFN-alpha) in combination with ribavirin (RBV). |
| rs12980275 | IL28B polymorphism associated with response to therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C on the outcome of dual combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection. But also associated with spontaneous disappearance of HCV infection. |
| rs16864968 | |
| rs17067123 | |