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Dieters can determine which diet would result in more weight loss by undergoing a genetic test, which can suggest a low-fat diet, a carbohydrate-restricted diet, or a more well-rounded approach.
Predictors of the effectiveness of the standard low-calorie diet based on genetics.
Interleukin, a company based in Massachusetts, has developed a test that searches for mutations in three genes: FABP2, PPARG, and ADRB2.
According to the company, 39% of Caucasian Americans possess the low-fat genotype, while 45% have the genotype that reacts positively to a low-processed carbohydrate diet. Additionally, 16% of individuals have the gene mutation that aids in weight loss through a well-balanced diet.
Therefore, the alleles of ApoE and LPL genes can serve as biomarkers for predicting the effectiveness of a standard low-calorie diet therapy in obese patients.
ApoE
Due to its crucial role in regulating cholesterol homeostasis, APOE is one of the most extensively researched genes in terms of gene-diet interactions. Acting as a transporter for TAG-rich lipoproteins and a major ligand for transport to the liver via receptor-mediated endocytosis, APOE plays a vital role in the production, conversion, and clearance of plasma lipoproteins. Specifically, APOE binds with chylomicrons and their remnants, VLDL, IDL, and exhibits a preference for HDL-c. Additionally, it binds with other receptors such as the LDL and VLDL receptors. The APOE E3/E4 and E4/E4 variants are associated with higher risks, according to estimates.
De Luis et al. investigated the impact of rs1800849 in the UCP3 promoter (-55C->T) on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors in response to a high protein/low carbohydrate versus a standard hypocaloric diet. The study found that total and LDL-c levels decreased in C carriers with both diets. However, T carriers exhibited a distinct response to a standard hypocaloric diet compared to wild-type obese patients, leading the authors to suggest that the distribution of macronutrients and dietary fat may play a role in this differential metabolic response. Overall, the study concluded that CC homozygotes of UCP3 rs1800849 benefit from a hypocaloric diet.
Follow the link of the selected polymorphism to read a brief description of how the selected polymorphism affects Low-calorie diet and see a list of existing studies.
SNP polymorphisms related to the topic Low-calorie diet:
| rs4994 | A beta-3-adrenergic receptor mutation is associated with visceral obesity but lowers serum triglyceride levels. Carriers of the G allele necessarily need strength training to lose weight and keep the body in good shape. |
| rs179883 | |
| rs481777 | |
| rs659366 | More effective reduction in BMI and fat mass in A allele carriers. |
| rs694066 | |
| rs1377985 | |
| rs1501299 | No reduction in waist circumference in TT compared with a 5.9 cm reduction in G allele carriers on diet. |
| rs1544241 | |
| rs1799883 | This genotype is associated with increased sensitivity to both saturated fat and refined carbohydrates. Thus, allele A impairs the effectiveness of both low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets. |
| rs1801260 | |
| rs2419621 | More weight loss on a hypocaloric diet in T allele carriers. |
| rs7512601 | |
| rs9344031 | |
| rs9939609 | The common variant rs9939609 of the FTO gene, associated with fat mass and obesity, is associated with fat cell lipolysis as well as early onset of extreme obesity. Studies show that carriers of the risk allele A demonstrate significantly greater weight loss on a fat-restricted diet than non-carriers. |
| rs10132280 | |
| rs11113832 | |
| rs11185098 | Overweight and obese individuals carrying the AMY1-AMY2 rs11185098 genotype, associated with higher amylase activity, may have greater obesity loss during a low-calorie diet. |
| rs13200531 | |
| rs17300539 | |
| rs41423247 | |